Mandibular reconstruction involves rebuilding segments of the lower jaw lost to trauma, tumor resection, or congenital defects. Vascularized bone flaps—most commonly fibula, scapula, or deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) grafts—are harvested and transferred microsurgically to recreate jaw continuity and support dental rehabilitation. Soft-tissue components may be included to address mucosal or external skin defects.